Simulated annealing (SA) is adopted to detect the parameters of circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and to treat lines as asymptotes of hyperbola in image. Also, the algorithm is applied to seismic pattern detection. We use the general equation for ellipses and hyperbolas in detection and define the distance from a point to a pattern such that the detection becomes feasible. The system error between N points and K patterns is defined. The proposed simulated annealing parameter detection system has the capability of searching a set of parameter vectors with global minimal error with respect to the input data. Experiments on the detection of circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, and lines in images are quite successful. The detection system is also applied to detect the line pattern of direct wave and the hyperbolic pattern of reflection wave in the simulated and real one-shot seismogram. The results can improve seismic interpretations and further seismic data processing.