As file management is widely used in e-government and enterprise office, the file exchange, as the main means of sharing and collaborating in office, has been far from able to meet the needs of data security. Encrypted Storage can be a solution to the limitations of existing authority control services. However, during the data sharing and exchange, the file is separated from the owner, which has the problem of insufficient or over-authorization. In this article, we propose a blockchain-based hierarchical management and control scheme for encrypted storage combined with ciphertext retrieval. It supports traceability and top-down privilege division without increasing the number of managed keys, all data are processed and authorized strictly, solving data leakage caused by over-authorization. Through performance and security analysis, we demonstrate that the scheme can better meet the data security and precise authorization requirements.